Immune System Improved with ZMedicAir
An important aspect of this oxidative stress response is its induction in immune cells located in the outer surfaces of the body, such as macrophages in the lungs and in the eyes, as part as the body’s defense from external threats.
Macrophages in the lungs play a crucial role in responding to oxidative stress, which occurs when there is an imbalance between the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the body to neutralize them. In the context of oxidative stress in the lungs, macrophages utilize several mechanisms to counteract its effects and maintain tissue homeostasis. One mechanism directly combats oxidative stress, as macrophages produce and release antioxidant enzymes, which help neutralize ROS and protect cells from oxidative damage. In addition, to that macrophages engulf and remove damaged cells affected oxidative stress, which helps prevent the accumulation of harmful substances and promotes tissue repair. In addition, macrophages contribute to tissue repair and remodeling processes by secreting growth factors that boost epithelial proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that facilitate the breakdown and remodeling of damaged extracellular matrix components.
As oxidative stress can also generate pro-inflammatory signals, macrophages help modulate the inflammatory response by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines to counterbalance the pro-inflammatory signals. They also release cytokines and chemokines that recruit other immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, to the site of injury to help regulate the adaptive immune response and maintain immune tolerance, and contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis.
Macrophages can migrate to various locations within the body in response to different stimuli. In response to systemic inflammatory signals or during certain pathological conditions, lung macrophages may enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body. Circulating macrophages can home to sites of inflammation or injury and participate in immune responses. may migrate to the bone marrow where they contribute to the regulation of hematopoiesis (the process of blood cell formation). Lung macrophages may also contribute to the maintenance of resident tissue macrophage populations in various organs and tissues, including the spleen, liver, and peritoneal cavity.
